Density values are equivalent to the total number of living individuals in 20 cm3 (volume) or 10 cm2 (area). Benthic foraminifera are known to play an important role in marine carbon and nitrogen cycles. gibba (<10%), Elphidium williamsoni (<6%), Gavelinopsis praegeri (<6%), Trochammina inflata (<5%), Elphidium crispum (<6%), Cribroelphidium excavatum (<5%), Quinqueloculina seminula (<5%), and Cribrostomoides jeffreysii (<5%). Benthic Foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico-C. Wylie Poag 2015-02-09 In 1981, Woods Hole researcher C. Wylie Poag published the book Ecological Atlas of the Benthic Foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico. Although the foraminifera belong to both micro- and meiofauna, the results obtained with the ABC curves in this work evidence they can be used to trace environmental disturbance. A volume ranging from 10 to 40 cm3 was analyzed to obtain 95 stained individuals. The data presented here show the importance of understanding the ecology of the benthic foraminifera species for environmental assessment of the ecosystems, and therefore for the establishment of biomonitoring procedures. With a biodiversity of more than 10,000 species, they primarily occur in marine environments (Murray, 2006). Concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) varied for Zn 2-684 mg kg−1; Pb 7-851 mg kg−1; Cu 0.03-121 mg kg−1; As 03-119 mg kg−1, and Cr 78-0.03 mg kg−1. [76], the availability and quality of the food, the energy state (stability) at the benthic/pelagic boundary, and the grain size of the substrate seem to be the most important environmental factors determining the distribution pattern of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the Campos Basin slope. Since then, the number of works aiming to study the response of benthic foraminifera to environmental changing, namely to pollution, increased significantly [12]. The southern and northern ends have depths of 25 and 20 m, respectively (Figure 2). The abundance of symbiont-bearing foraminifera should parallel coral abundance, if water quality is the major environmental control. The considerable increase in the agglutinated foraminifera, the continuous decrease in the density of foraminifera, and also decrease in the values of the Benthic Foraminifera High Productivity Index (BFHP [61]) as depth increases indicate typical oligotrophic conditions in this sector of the Campos Basin (lower slope and São Paulo Plateau). To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Foraminifera are widely distributed in marine environments. A semienclosed coastal lagoon (Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal), an estuarine system (São Sebastião Channel, SE Brazil), a continental shelf sector (Campos Basin, SE Brazil), and a segment of continental slope (Campos Basin, SE Brazil) are used as examples. A scarcely oxygenated, more saline environment with fine bottom sediment enriched in vegetal debris was related to a prevalently agglutinated assemblage characterized by low species diversity (H-index 1.60–2.68), with high dominance of E. advenus (up to 83.6%) associated to Ammonia tepida, and high foraminiferal density, recognized in the Middle Branch. The continental slope displays a convex profile to the north and a concave one to the south, and it is cut by several canyons, such as the São Tomé, Itapemirim, Grussaí, and Almirante Câmara [72]. An up-to-date atlas of an important fossil and living group, with the Natural History Museum. The Laranjo Bay area (Figure 1) is also polluted owing to release wastewaters of plants of the chemical complex of Estarreja [30]. HeadquartersIntechOpen Limited5 Princes Gate Court,London, SW7 2QJ,UNITED KINGDOM. The results obtained in Aveiro Lagoon also indicate that most of the species that live in this lagoon, mainly those that drive to the most internal and confined areas of the lagoon, should tolerate the stress caused by eutrophication and relatively high concentrations of PTE, namely H. germanica. In this study, the variables considered for statistical analysis included the sand and mud contents, particulate organic matter flux to the sea floor, bottom water dissolved oxygen concentrations, calcium carbonate, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total lipid contents in the sediment (see details in [75]). Deep-sea benthic foraminifera have played a central role in biostratigraphic, paleoecological, and paleoceanographical research for over a century. 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